Language Loss Free Essays

string(73) an action word that must be given something to do so as to characterize it (Blomley: 566). As we progressively understand that our own implosion is inescapable in the obliteration of the planet, the isolated thought of Western advancement as the stature of human advancement is at last being addressed. In any case, the resultant Catch 22 is that despite the fact that we understand the resultant imperfections of relying upon one type of progress, the main choices that we could go to are ceasing to exist of the substance of the earth. In this way the worldwide pattern of language misfortune is an issue fantastically deserving of long past due consideration; it might in reality be our last significant choice to save the situation of humanity’s endurance. We will compose a custom article test on Language Loss or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now As a vault of information, a statement of culture, and an emblematic encapsulation of a lifestyle, the departure of a language justifies itself with real evidence. Albeit some Aboriginal dialects are near the very edge of termination in Canada, unfortunately, relatively few individuals are tuning in to the last cries of the voices that are rapidly evaporating. I will investigate the reasons why this is the situation. Right off the bat I will dig into the underlying foundations of language, as a vehicle by which the pith of every specific culture comes into soundness in the material world and how its culture’s level of arrogance that continues its insularity. The historical backdrop of Western culture, as a result of European expansionism and modern private enterprise, unmistakably embodies that its quintessence and all the more significantly its presumption, is on a very basic level at chances with an agreeable relationship with the normal world, right now prompting its own disadvantage. Considering this frontier mindset, a second perspective I will investigate is the unmistakable option in contrast to this single direction of reasoning that is exemplified the in the way of life of the Squamish individuals of Vancouver. In this manner thirdly, the settlement, industrialization, and current urbanization changing Vancouver, is apparently enlarging the partition between the two different ways of being, sustaining the implosion surprisingly who are helpless before the prevailing culture’s arrogance. Accordingly I will contend that as opposed to Vancouver’s Aboriginal people’s lifestyle, the current degree of presumption continuing the reliance on Western innovation will at last, definitely be the downfall of humankind. It is irrefutable that language, similar to everything that mankind has made, is at last a creation of common world. As a watershed of creative mind, language attempts to comprehend the world and might be comprehended as the symbolization of the human idea in attempting to wrestle with the idea of presence. Despite the fact that these images were made so as to intervene and comprehend humanity’s place known to man, since their creation they have changed and invaded human discernment to such an extraordinary degree as to really supplant illogical nature of presence with a misguided feeling of ‘rational’ reality. Images, presently meaning discourse, are a social wonder essential to enveloping what characterize human progress (Zerzan Language: 237). As much as images in any culture attempt to wrestle with their existence in a complex logical, or discerning sense, because of their innate separation from the regular world and characteristic reductionist nature, all endeavors to discover the appropriate responses of the universe, to fit agreeably with mother earth will at last be at chances with what is truth be told, inconceivable. The apparently sound is at last nonsensical. The layers of unpredictability currently continuing the procedure of symbolization represent a continuous need to mark and in this manner control what at last would never be thoroughly characterized. SOURCE). A significant component in this procedure of symbolization is the man-made origination of time. Time is one the most punctual layers of symbolization’s multifaceted nature that improved a developed nature of the real world. John Zerzan takes note of that time’s fulfillment represents the need to characterize a feeling of ‘progressâ₠¬â„¢ that would command man’s feeling of history, further estranging him away from the regular world. In their very own pattern creation and propagation, the motivation behind progress has along these lines, just been to strengthen itself. The never-ending development of this idea of progress has eventually prompted oneself actuated training of the psyche, upgrading man’s alienation from the normal (Zerzan Book: 25). Rather than giving up to man’s agreeable association with the illogical universe and hence tolerating his own instinctive nature, this bogus thought of progress has been seen as an unavoidable piece of human turn of events. Progress is presently out of human control and along these lines elective methods of presence are viewed as in reverse and strange. Future Primitive: PAGE). The peak of this feeling of progress, is included in the current idea of innovation as it is both the stature of this human advancement but then the most noticeably awful reality that the regular world still can't seem to persevere. The feeling of progress has consistently been exposed to the authoritarian job of self-importance and financial matters, what Williams calls the â€Å"inherent dominative method of thinkin g†(SOURCE). Financial aspects describes man’s origination of property in a catalytic blend of human work on the earth’s soil in the quest for material riches. Unreasonable material riches hastily reinforces the feeling of privildege, developing to be better comprehended as their hubris. The Western social genealogy that has pushed mankind ‘forward’ depends severe on this mindset, and now there exists a typical conviction that as Westerners works perseveringly towards the tallness of advancement, some way or another different societies on the planet have gotten mentally inert (Davis 2009: 166). Progress is to a great extent apparent as a hurrying current of effervescent energy, with a relentless force conveying we all afterward. Upon appearance in North America, with predominance pervaded in their attitude, European colonialists carried a feeling of progress to the New World. As both a side-effect of their amalgamated pilgrim creative mind and their similarly whimsical logical personalities, Canada turned into a lab to be jabbed, estimated, characterized and arranged for extraction back to proceed with the intense industrialization of Europe (Rigney 1999: 109). The provincial mindset is featured in their feeling of property. Colonialists accepted that property must be ordered; it is as much a physical reality as it is consistent goal to control. In their brains, property is an action word that must be given something to do so as to characterize it (Blomley: 566). You read Language Loss in classification Article models This is in understanding of the persuasive point of view of John Locke, who assisted with instilling the conviction that if the land was not being utilized, it is being squandered. Accordingly the perfect hall was rendered private property, â€Å"Eden sank to grief† and our common world was helpless before man’s unending endeavor to control and accumulate all that they could from their environmental factors (Blomey: 561). Similarly as Language is a making of the characteristic world, it is the engineer of supporting importance for a culture. Consequently in its utilization, language is likewise an arrangement of intensity that permits the implications conferred by social authority to suffer and suffer themselves (Focault: 22). In spite of the fact that this social ancestry presently overwhelms the world’s feeling of progress, not all individuals have faith in this once feeling of the real world. On the edges of innovation, some people’s flexible presence remains as declaration that this one isolated method of reasoning isn't be the main method of being, nor is it the most ideal route for mankind to endure (Davis: PAGE). Such individuals don't want to oppress and attempt to weakly control the miracles of the normal world, but instead their reality is at the desire of what they understand they can't control. Rather than weakly attempting to control their general surroundings, they would prefer to be profoundly lowered in nature’s widely inclusive, baffling force (Davis: Page). The Coast Salish indigenous individuals that have verifiably abided in what is presently characterized as the city-furthest reaches of Vancouver are only one case of such a people who’s fundamental reason in life is apparently not at chances with the characteristic request of the universe. Coast Salish is there normal name, anyway inside this name are various diverse social legacies that are interestingly characterized by both their geographic area and correspondingly, their language. In Vancouver’s significant reservations today, such ways of life as the Musqueam, Squamish and the Tsleil-Waututh people groups despite everything abide in a miniscule fenced in area of their antiquated countries. Despite the fact that their territories are being infringed on from all sides, they attempt to maintain the methods of their progenitors as an increasingly instinctive reality, that was once so agreeably in offset with British Columbia’s environment (Baloy: 520). In view of their antiquated history of being so personally attached with their encompassing landscape, these people groups particular societies, exemplified in their in their oral customs and articulations of craftsmanship, embody their confidence in humanity’s divine association with the land. Living nearby the Pacific, what is referenced in more than one of these peoples’ creation stories is the conviction that the land around them sprung from the rich territory of water on which they vigorously depend (Blomey:). As a distinct difference to the European’s provincial origination of the property as Terra Nullius, or that it was ready and waiting. The resultant limits that European’s made in this area are profoundly implanted social encounters that had explicit implications for pilgrim. The idea to isolate regions on the ground set cutoff points stamping unmistakable social gatherings and give a psychological format to classes of control (180). Conversely, Coast Salish people groups accept that the land tha

Free Essays on Religious Criticism In The Miller’s Tale

An account of a lustful lady, an adoration triangle gone astray, a lost kiss, and revenge†¦.. The above expression could be utilized to portray practically any work in the fabliau sort. By all accounts, the â€Å"Miller’s Tale† by Geoffrey Chaucer and Heile of Beersele, the story which Chaucer based his Miller’s Tale, are simply one more pair of fabliaux. Each is by all accounts simply one more straightforward, profane story intended to divert and engage the everyday citizens. The Heile of Beersele may, for sure, be another engaging story; be that as it may, it is clear that Chaucer had different intentions when composing his â€Å"Miller’s Tale.† His story, dissimilar to the Heile of Beersele, taunts the false reverence, sexism, and confidence of the Church and its individuals. In spite of the fact that the Miller’s Tale and the Heile of Beersele appear to be strikingly comparative upon first read, Chaucer composed the Miller’s Tale, not as a type of amusement, however as a type of analysis of the Catholic Church during the Mi ddle Ages. During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church kept up a faã §ade that was hopeful ordinarily. It anticipated that its devotees should be models of â€Å"perfection.† Yet, in fact, they were a long way from that. Indeed, the popes, the most noteworthy individuals in the Church chain of command, were degenerate. Chaucer tends to this pietism in his â€Å"Miller’s Tale† explicitly through the character of Absalom, the area representative. Dissimilar to the creator of the depiction of the cleric in Heile of Beersele, Chaucer gives a long portrayal of Absalom, likewise referencing him more than once all through the story. Absalom’s sin was not his pursuing of a wedded lady, however the way that, rather than carrying on with the life of a modest pastor, he was lascivious for Alison and each other lady. Coming up next is Chaucer’s portrayal of Absalom: â€Å"This Absolon, that jolif was and gay,/Gooth with a sencer on the haliday,/sensinge the wyves of the ward faste;/And numerous a stunning look on sew he caste†¦/Hath in his herte switch... Free Essays on Religious Criticism In The Miller’s Tale Free Essays on Religious Criticism In The Miller’s Tale An account of a salacious lady, an affection triangle gone astray, a lost kiss, and revenge†¦.. The above expression could be utilized to depict practically any work in the fabliau kind. By all accounts, the â€Å"Miller’s Tale† by Geoffrey Chaucer and Heile of Beersele, the story which Chaucer based his Miller’s Tale, are simply one more pair of fabliaux. Each is by all accounts simply one more basic, revolting story intended to interest and engage the ordinary citizens. The Heile of Beersele may, without a doubt, be another engaging story; in any case, it is obvious that Chaucer had different thought processes when composing his â€Å"Miller’s Tale.† His story, dissimilar to the Heile of Beersele, ridicules the fraud, sexism, and confidence of the Church and its individuals. In spite of the fact that the Miller’s Tale and the Heile of Beersele appear to be strikingly comparable upon first perused, Chaucer composed the Miller’s Tale, not as a type of diversion, however as a type of analysis of the Catholic Church during the Midd le Ages. During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church kept up a faã §ade that was hopeful ordinarily. It anticipated that its adherents should be models of â€Å"perfection.† Yet, in reality, they were a long way from that. Indeed, the popes, the most noteworthy individuals in the Church progression, were degenerate. Chaucer tends to this deception in his â€Å"Miller’s Tale† explicitly through the character of Absalom, the ward representative. Not at all like the creator of the depiction of the minister in Heile of Beersele, Chaucer gives a long portrayal of Absalom, additionally referencing him over and over all through the story. Absalom’s sin was not his pursuing of a wedded lady, however the way that, rather than carrying on with the life of a virtuous priest, he was lecherous for Alison and each other lady. Coming up next is Chaucer’s depiction of Absalom: â€Å"This Absolon, that jolif was and gay,/Gooth with a sencer on the haliday,/sensinge the wyves of the area faste;/And numerous a stunning look on stitch he caste†¦/Hath in his herte switch...

Rabbit Proof Fence Essay Example for Free

Hare Proof Fence Essay Alabama† utilizes scholarly methods, for example, imagery, reiteration and rhyme to communicate the excursion being attempted by Skynard. Every one of these writings investigate the thought that it is the excursion, not the desitination that is significant. The utilization of imagery in Rabbit Proof Fence is utilized to investigate the idea that the excursion not the distination matters. Imagery is the utilization of one article to speak to an idea or other item. The incorporation of the soul winged creature in the story investigates the significance of religion to the young ladies and the significance of the excursion. As mentiioined in an aearlier scene, the soul winged animal shows up (over the depleted Molly and Gracie) and stirs them from their rest. This is utilized to allude to trust and gives in sign that they will make it home, and will have profoundly profited by their excursion. The utilization of imagery loans to the idea that it is to be sure the excursion, not the goal that issues. Diverse lighting methods empower the idea of the excursion being what makes a difference to be convery to the watcher. Lighting explicit to the state of mind is utilized to construe area, time and the changing idea of the excursion. The cruel splendor all through the excursion is a depiction of the unforgiving region and conditions waiting be defeated so as to arrive at the goal. The most significant and significant case of this being the totally dark utilized when the young ladies are brought together with Maud. This sued of dimness is utilized to infer the grave idea of the appearance, and is joined by Molly’s articulation â€Å"I lost one† which is indicativbe of the significance of the excursion, instead of the last goal. Camera points are utilized by Noyce to investigate the possibility that it is the excursion, not the goal that issues. The panning since quite a while ago shot of the skyline (utilized at the initiation of the excursion, when the three young ladies get away from Moore River) is utilized to communicate the long troublesome job needing to be done, and that so as to show up home, they should over come a brutal landscape and long excursion. The utilization of such differing camera edges sister demonstrative that it is the genuine excursion that issues, as restrict to the last goal. The â€Å"Rabbit Proof Fence† assumes two indispensable jobs all through the excursion of Molly, Daisy and Gracie, and is intelligent of the significance of the excursion. The fence is a portrayal of a guide, as it is an image of home for the young ladies and gives a path so as to them to return home (after the fence). What is later uncovered is that the fence has really demonstrated to be a deterrent, and that they have followed an inappropriate fence, and should alter course to return home. The capacity of the young ladies to conquer this obstacle, and show up home is again demonstrative of the thought that it is the excursion †not the goal †that issues when undertaking a physical excursion. The development of Molly all through the film ponders the significance of the excursion as opposed to the ultimate result accomplished. Molly is built up from the earliest starting point of the film as a key character, however her development all through the excursion serves to reaffirm and reinforce this idea. We see her development into a tracker, a provider of nourishment and water, and in particular a maternal figure for her sister and cousin. This is generally conspicuous in the appearance home, with her remorseful proclamation, â€Å"I lost one† The physical excursion attempted empowered Molly to turn out to be increasingly engaged, and gave an opportunity to sharpen the customary abilities of Aborigines, for example, chasing, following and finding of water, and thus, the excursion †not the goal †is the thing that issues from a physical excursion.

Imaginative Journeys - 1188 Words

An imaginative journey can be defined as an extension of reality that transcends physical barriers. Through the use of abstract notions and an element of surrealism, an imaginative journey can result in distortion of the boundaries between imagination and reality. This type of journey involves readers by drawing on their imagination and can therefore result in the transformation of perceptions and attitudes, which may also stimulate a sense of enlightenment for both the characters and the responder. These characteristics are evident in the three texts I have studied, â€Å"The Tempest† by William Shakespeare, Victor Fleming’s, â€Å"The Wizard of Oz† and â€Å"Sky High† by Hannah Robert. In â€Å"The Tempest†, William Shakespeare leads the reader into an†¦show more content†¦Initially, Dorothy longs for a place where she can be freed from the all the struggles of her current life, and the world that she and her companions are taken into, is a world which will aid each and every one of them in a journey of self-discovery and awakening. For each of the characters, their radical transformations are stimulated through the hindrances and limitations faced by the characters within the imaginative journey. The use of colour is important in â€Å"The Wizard of Oz† as it helps to distinguish realism from idealism. The real events occurring in Kansas (Dorothy’s home town) are portrayed in chromatic colours and provide meaning and emphasis on the imaginative journey in the land of Oz, while the use of extremely bright colours during the major part of the film is important as it creates an atmosphere of surrealism, especially when contrasted with th e black and white. Also, the combinations of two genres – musical and drama – generate a dreamlike environment through the use of juxtaposition and contrast, emphasizing the concept of the imaginative journey. The third text, â€Å"Sky High†, composed by 18 year old Hannah Robert in 1994, is another example of an imaginative journey. Although written in prose, this text can also be viewed as a reflective narrative in the form of a poem due to the way in which the narrator thinks back to her childhood memories. In this text, theShow MoreRelated The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas by John Boyne Essay1023 Words   |  5 Pagesunfortunate - such a world cannot exist. Or can it? In the world of Bruno, this is precisely the way the world is. John Boynes book The Boy in the Striped Pyjamas invites the readers to embark on an imaginative journey at two levels. At the first level, Boyne himself embarks upon an imaginative journey that explores a possible scenario in relation to Auschwitz. Bruno is a 9 year old boy growing up in a loving, but typically authoritarian German family in the 1930?s. His father is a senior militaryRead MoreThe Wind in the Willows Essay716 Words   |  3 Pagesfeelings of magic and adventure but also feelings of reflection as we relate the actions of Ratty, Mole and Toad to our lives.Grahame evokes an imaginative journey within the mind of the reader as he questions Which journeys do we take that we really want to experience? Kenneth Grahame conveys this idea through Mole who is being forced to take Rattys journey instead of his own. This text broadens our understanding of the world today in that it helps us to undertsand the complex interactions betweenRead MoreLucy in the Sky with Diamonds Journ eys Essay661 Words   |  3 PagesEnglish Assessment Task 1 Lucy In The Sky With Diamonds Song – Imaginative Journey The Beatles - primarily John Lennon. The song â€Å"Lucy In The Sky With Diamonds†, performed by The Beatles, written in the year 1967, by John Lennon, takes the listener on a journey into the imagination. The most common interpretation of â€Å"Lucy In The Sky With Diamonds† is that the lyrics of the song follow the journey that one would embark on after taking the drug LSD which would project wild imaginings. OtherRead MoreYear of Wonders by Geraldine Brooks Essay828 Words   |  4 Pagespremise of the novel (Year of Wonders) could be seen as the antithesis of a journey as the villagers voluntarily agree to undertake a quarantine, which means they literally cannot go anywhere. In what way does this text represent a journey? Though the characters in Year of Wonders are unable to take a physical journey due to their actions, their circumstances cause them to embark on many spiritual, mental and emotional journeys through the course of the novel. Anna Frith, for instance, is forced duringRead MoreEnglish Speech- Away and to Kill a Mockingbird797 Words   |  4 Pageshow a journey can have positive and negative impact on an individual. Journeys are not just limited to the process of physically travelling as an emotional journey can be seen in self-exploration and imaginative journeys can occur to transport an individual from reality into an unreal world. Michael Gow’s play script of Away, relates to the challenges, goals and discoveries which are achieved by the characters Tom, Coral and Gwen as they endure physical, emotional and imaginative journeys, whilstRead MoreWanderlust and Travel Nt788 Words   |  4 PagesJourneys can include those that are physical, mental or inner and are often accompan ied by challenges that can change the individual mostly for the better. Journeys are taken for many reasons, some are taken from choice and others are compulsory. A journey can be lone or be accompanied. The outcomes of journeys may shape the individual as a person. I was not aware of the depth or many aspects of concept of journey till our study of it. After our study I have developed a appreciation not onlyRead MoreDepiction of Different Types of Journeys through Literature1229 Words   |  5 PagesThe concept of journeys can vary from person to person; literally a journey is a progression, either physically, mentally or spiritually. Journeys come under five main titles, inner, spiritual, imaginative, emotional and physical. Practically all texts contain one or a combination of these journeys. Les Murray, an Australian poet, has a very strong concept of journeys throughout his poems. Through the use of such techniques as figurative language and film a composer can express their individual conceptRead Morejourneys in handmaids tale1334 Words   |  6 PagesJourneys Essay We learn from the journeys we take, through experience, not from the destination itself. This statement is supported by both Margaret Atwood’s fictional dystopian novel ‘The Handmaid’s Tale’ and Oliver Stone’s crime fiction film ‘Natural Born Killers’. Through the use of multiple techniques Atwood makes it clear that the protagonist Offred undertakes inner and imaginative journeys during the course of the novel and learns from them. Likewise, Stone uses an array of film techniquesRead MoreImmigrants at Central Station804 Words   |  4 Pagesperceive an understanding of the immigrants experiences towards the new world of which displays the integrity, emotion and suffering towards the new world and we as the readers are engaged into these aspects of life through trains, time, control and journeys. The imagery of this poem surrounds a train and can represent the physical aspect towards the new world. It starts off straight away with the lines â€Å"It was sad to hear, the train’s whistle this morning† straight away using the feature of onomatopoeiaRead MoreThe Road Not Taken By William Shakespeare1356 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"When we travel, we often focus on our destination at a cost of other aspects of the journey† is a statement which can be related to almost any journey whether it be physical, imaginative or emotional. King Lear is a text (play), written by William Shakespeare, that relates to the statement, as most of the characters within the play go on their own separate journeys. These journeys result in the severance of many relationships between characters, such as Edgar and Edmund, and affect the aspects of

Information Security And Its Effects On Our Own Network...

5. Companies’ not following their own network security protocols After a company spends the time and money to create network security protocols it need to ensure it is doing everything it can to follow the set protocols. With the advancement in technology companies tends to advance with the technology without fully testing it first. They forget about a fundamental rule that technology can attack information security risks present in everyday business. These new technologies can compromise security that leads to constant security gaps, which always losses business. On the other hand some companies do not advance at all with newer and enhanced technologies, big mistake! Out of date software can be a huge issues. Companies tend to neglect simple software updates because of the cost associated with it. â€Å"Many firms just buy a firewall because it’s on the tick-list of due-diligence things their auditors want to see. In that case, the sensible choice is a simple filtering router, which won’t need much maintenance and won’t get in the way. Where security’s taken seriously, one possible approach is to invest in a really serious firewall system, which might consist of a packet filter connecting the outside world to a screened subnet†. Thus, over a period in time this can potentially cause an issues in security. Which is the same thing as refusing to upgrade critical software, this is a clear sign of negligence because security risks are caused by weaknesses in applications. AShow MoreRelatedSecurity And Beyond Information Technology1221 Words   |  5 PagesT. Security Beyond Information technology has become a very dominant and ever growing industry in today’s market. People have taken notice of it, and thus have invested quite heavily into it. Everyone is going online nowadays, more than ever before, but this is not just limited to people. Financial/Educational institutions, and various companies are all online in one form or another; being interconnected to the internet of everything. A prominent aspect of information technology is security, andRead MoreSecurity Issues Of Wireless Sensor Networks1286 Words   |  6 PagesSecurity issues in Wireless Sensor Networks What the security issues are related to Wireless Sensor Networks Name:Sandeep Kumar Pulijala Student ID:S0261345 Teacher:Erin Class:DEA3 Central Queensland University What the security issues are related to Wireless Sensor Networks Wireless sensor networks are very important in everyday life. This new technology is exciting with unlimited potential for numerous application areas includingRead MoreIntrusion Detection Systems1749 Words   |  7 Pagestechnology has advanced, information systems have become an integral part of every day life. In fact, there are not too many public or private actions that can take part in today’s society that do not include some type of information system at some level or another. While information systems make our lives easier in most respects, our dependency upon them has become increasingly capitalized upon by persons with malicious intent. Therefore, security within the information systems realm has introducedRead MoreImplementing Secure Pervasive Computing, Cleveland State University1393 Words   |  6 Pagesare inexpensive products which can be used anywhere in the world which helps in eliminating time and place barriers by making services available to all users e verywhere. Pervasive computing will surround users with a comfortable and convenient information environment that combines physical and computational infrastructures into an integrated habitat. This feature will rapidly increase the number of computing devices and sensors which provide new functionality, specialized services and increase productivityRead MoreNetwork Security : Information Security1276 Words   |  6 Pages CIS647-NETWORK SYSTEMS COMPUTER NETWORK SECURITY Prof : Philip Fitzpatrick By: Suresh Palleboina (21063613) COMPUTER NETWORK SECURITY Introduction: Computer network Security is the most essential and complex topic in IT field. It is important that all user must have an awareness about computer network security. Internet is a biggest network in the world which connects all computer devices in the world. In our daily life millions of people communication each other by using internetRead MoreNetwork Diagrams : A Network Diagram1432 Words   |  6 PagesNetwork Diagram: A network diagram is a graphical representation of any network, it’s a small structure of computers and network devices (routers, modem, Ethernet etc.) It is a sequence of steps. This network diagram represents setting up a Web Server with DMZ in an existing network. Network Diagram Explanation: Internet service provider (ISP) provides a public IP address, which is given to a modem. A router connected to modem gets this public IP address through Ethernet cable into its WAN portRead MoreEvaluation By Sarah ( 0624279 )1295 Words   |  6 Pagesorganization’s secrets if you know them. 2)Privacy is the ability and/or right to protect your personal information and extends to the ability and/or right to prevent invasions of your personal information. Privacy can extend to families but not to legal persons such as corporations. These terms clearly overlap, because they all give you the impression of private or personal data/information that has to be hidden, but equally clearly are not exactly the same. For example, hospital patients haveRead MoreThe Impact Of Cyber Attacks On An Organization Essay1126 Words   |  5 PagesMethods Knowledge Base). With Information Technology as a research topic, security practitioners will be able to gauge the level of understanding their users have of security practices, and where they should focus attention in order to provide adequate training. In addition to this, sampling can provide a valuable perspective regarding the current effects of cyber threats affecting an organization (Research Methods Knowledge Base). For my research paper I have chosen information systems interoperabilityRead More1.0 Introduction. The Internet Of Things (Iot) Is All About1438 Words   |  6 Pageshow we interact with them and the data they produce. As we move around from location to location our mobile device, which is packed with sensors and numerous wireless radios, helps us seamlessly communicate with various other devices. Some of these devices might be in our homes, some our offices, some in our cars or the stores we shop in. Still others, we wear on our bodies. (Blouin, 2017) The Information and Communication Technology development generates more and more things/objects that are becomingRead MoreExecutive Summary for Network Design Project4537 Words   |  19 PagesInternet based self help center for people that are starting their own businesses. We have a proven track record of business start up expertise. We have helped several hundred businesses get moving in the right direction. We are focused on improving the position of small businesses, ultimately, helping them to reach the success that they are working on for their company.  Link Systems  is in business to help your business succeed. Our products are a series of motivational e-books that are organized

Police Brutality And Corruption The Police - 943 Words

Police Brutality and Corruption The police are meant to serve and protect us. They are seen as heroes in our community. So it can be quite shocking and hard to believe that police brutality is a real problem. It is getting worse every day, and it must be fixed. The police have become too comfortable, and think they can do anything they please in the name of justice. It is our job as the community to remind them that they must follow a set of rules themselves. Sooner or later they will be controlling us with fear. The whole system needs to be changed since policemen are turning into the enforcers and not the protectors. Racism is a huge factor why policemen use excessive force.â€Å"A big majority of people who are killed are Latinos and Black people, while the police officers are mostly White, it’s a badge of honor to shoot gang members so [the police] go out and shoot people who look like gang members,† said Mike Prysner, one of the local directors of the Los Angeles c hapter for ANSWER — an advocacy group that asks the public to Act Now to Stop War and End Racism. Since it s always the minorities who face police brutality, our government turns a blind eye to it. â€Å"43% of the shootings occurred after an incident of racial profiling. This means police saw a person who looked, or behaved suspiciously. Largely, because of their skin color and attempted to detain the suspect before killing them.† this was found out by Malcolm X Grassroots Movement, which is a activist organizationShow MoreRelatedEssay on Police Brutality and Corruption681 Words   |  3 PagesPolice Brutality and Corruption Corruption in policing is viewed as the misuse of authority by a police officer acting officially to fulfill his/her personal needs or wants. There are two distinct elements of corruption; 1) misuse of authority, 2) personal attainment. The occupational subculture of policing is a major factor in both creating police corruption, by initiating officers into corrupt activities, and sustaining it, by covering up corrupt activities by other officers. Police corruptionRead MorePolice Brutality And Corruption, War, And Peace1640 Words   |  7 Pages This research question will clearly address the variations of police practices over the past 5 years in Baltimore City and Baltimore County, due to the recent incidents regarding police brutality and corruption. Using Chapter 12 Politics, Power, War, and Peace, will help show the relationships between politics in law enforcement and police officers, which deals with a lot of power and peace. Chapter 12 Politics, Power, War, and Peace, Section Cultural Controls in Maintaining Order states â€Å"EveryRead MorePolice Brutality And Corruption Of Public Order1718 Words   |  7 PagesPolice is defined as â€Å"the civil force of a national or local government, responsible for the prevention and detection of crime and the maintenance of public order† . When these powers are abused and unnecessary force is used for corrupt purpose outside of their duty it is considered police brutality. While police brutality may seem only rampant in the United States, it effects Russians equally. The question is why are the police in these two countries so powerful that they can go against their dutyRead MoreA Brief Note On Police Brutality And Corruption2037 Words   |  9 PagesEnglish Argument Paper Police Brutality and corruption is and injustice often overlooked everyday in the united states of america. Although a majority of police are just, too many and are not. The most disturbing part aspect is that most cops across the nation get away with doing these sick things to the public that they serve and protect some people may ask just how many are corrupt? The survey by the department Bureau of justice statistics found 26,556 cases of excess police force in just 2002.Read MorePolice Ethics and Deviance1125 Words   |  5 PagesPolice Ethics and Deviance Ethics and the police is a subject that most people are interested in. When people use the words ethics and police in the same sentence, people usually think of police deviance, police corruption, misconducts such as drug and alcohol abuse, sexual violence, domestic disputes, and violence within families. Most common subjects people most associate with police ethics is police brutality, police deception, and abuse of their authority. Police officers in the UnitedRead MorePolice Misconduct And Brutality Of Police Officers1165 Words   |  5 Pagesstructured police forces across the United States corruption, misconduct, and claims of brutality by police officers has been a problem. Police officers who were sworn to protect and serve the people of their communities have been instilled with authority over people. Throughout history anyone having some type of power or absolute authority over another has created controversy. This paper will look into the statements and details of concern s dealing with police corruption, misconduct, and brutality of policeRead MorePolice Officer And The Criminal Justice System Essay960 Words   |  4 PagesWhen you hear the words ‘police officer’, what is the first thing that comes to mind? The people that protect us from the bad guys, right? Well, that might be the stereotypical answer, but is that really what we all think? Most would agree that in today s society, the words do not have the same positive correlation anymore. It is actually almost the complete opposite. Police officers and others in the criminal justice system have created a poor reputation for themselves from the actions they haveRead MoreArgumentative Essay : Police Brutality1561 Words   |  7 Pageshas been an overwhelming amount of police brutality in recent years. Police brutality can be defined as, when a police officer uses more force than necessary. This issue has spread throughout the United States of America, and is putting the lives of our citizens in great danger. Police brutality is not only physical, but it can also be verbal attacks; and, in most cases, it is caused by false arrest and racial profiling due to police corruption. Police brutality has been and continues to be a majorRead MoreEssay on Ethics in Policing824 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation† (Merriam-Webster Online). This concept is prevalent in the world of police work since police officers are supposed to be the â€Å"good† in whatever is considered a â€Å"bad† situation. Many police departments offer training in ethics during the time in which a cadet is in the police academy and after officers are put on the streets, which is called in-service training. It is the hope that while this training is available to officersRead MoreCrime: Police Brutality and Conclusion A. Police Essay examples1706 Words   |  7 Pagesand the Police Part I: Outline Eileen Garcia CJA/344 Cultural Diversity in Criminal Justice June 17, 2013 STEPHEN HUMPHRIES Police corruption and citizen complaints relative to ethnicity I. Introduction A. Police corruption Police corruption has become an international problem. This was initially a common practice during the period when the police institutions were being developed but the effect has been felt by many people, even affecting peacekeeping operations. The police abuse

Operant Conditioning Thesis

Question: Discuss about theOperant Conditioning Thesis. Answer: Introduction and Thesis Operant conditioning theory on human behaviour has been used in classroom setups to manage students and pupils alike. The case study under review is of a primary school teacher who is managing her class, however the pupils are non participatory on her teaching and they are not engaging the teacher on the class activities as required. There is laxity in class as they are not completing exams and their home works. The teacher has made a resolution to change the behaviour of the class. In progress to behaviour change, operant conducting behaviour model will be used. Operant conditional tool is a method of behaviour learning through the use of reinforces which act like motivators that are a product of our action, (Skinner, 2007). Discipline is essential for the success of the child and to promote development. Many teaching staff needs that. It is always to think discipline will come from punishment. Operant conditioning model encourages positive reinforcement which is applicable to the classroom environment. The theory utilises both the negative and positive agents of change or reinforcements so as to encourage the positive behaviour of the students in class, while preventing the occurrence of bad behaviour characterised by keeping quiet with no response while the teacher is teaching in class. The psychology experts and bigwigs have observed that every action has impacts and effects, if it is good, the behaviour will be repeated severally, however when the experience is not good, it will not be repeated next time, (Vargas, 2005). It is during this time that better development of behaviours will be developed and enhanced for the children to adopt the required behaviour for learning. Operant conditioning has been utilized in various situations which has been found to be effective in the classroom environment, one the various ways of behaviour reinforcement is by use of praise to the children, (Skinner, 2007). It is used in the classroom and has been utilized in behaviour change for children. It is a simplified way of working of learning with the use of reinforces that cab are a product of our actions for this case classroom activity. Teachers often spend more time in class rooms during teaching time; hence the responsibility of the teacher increases with time to manage proper behaviour. For this reason it is paramount for the educators to be aware and understand the how to effectively utilise the theory for effective practice. This paper thesis will look at the operant conditioning to present the right hypothesis for the class room scenario for teacher Jane regarding the behaviour portrayed by her pupils with regard to improving the learning atmosphere in the cla ss. Evaluation of the Scenario Fifth graders children typically have physical changes which are in different from the other categories of ages. They displayed social emotional, cognitive and language behaviours. Research has shown that at this stage, children display multiple font characteristics which often shown at a go, they may include changes in height, weight and eyesight and many more. Many fifth graders have shown to display extrovert traits; they often need to a talk and share the need. They usually love to talk and display their feelings in their environment. The common characteristics of these children are that you can capitalize as an asset to help the students to cope up and improve on their classroom behaviour, (Wood, 2007). Talk characteristic is one of the many traits the fifth graders have in common. The social emotional traits of these children include the act of being happy and enjoy the company of their peers and working well in groups. As a teacher, capitalizing on this advantage is great, building of groups and working into lessons and projects. Flexible work groups among these children works well with lots of different people. These children enjoy co-cooperativeness and competitive games, this can enhance the opportunity for peer tutoring and mentoring in class. This children further are able to take pride in school work and the ability to concentrate for longer periods of time, (AACP, 2000). Fifth graders hence have shown to prefer in working in smaller groups, and are a bit tense hence being careful in giving direction is essential, and that they have shorter lifespan attentions in class. Use of positive and negative reinforcements is predominant at this stage. During the class time, the pupils are required to remain quiet and lift their hands up when they want to make any contribution in class. When the child exhibits an exemplary performance the teacher praises the child like, great effort John, or keep it up . In this way children feel praised and after getting such positive statement appraisal. The pride gotten will be likely to be replicated and more likely to be replicated in the future and hence high chance of behaving during class time. In this way the teacher has managed to teach the children the behaviour she expects from them to behave through positive reinforcement, the child is highly likely to impress the teacher next time and thus achievement for good gesture outcomes for the two sides, that is the teacher and the child. Rewards and gifts can be used but care should be considered so as not to be over used as it may lead to over dependency. For example provision of biscuits to child, may become too adjusted, becomes struggle to act in the same way without being given such a gift as a reward. In order to incorporate operant conditioning into lessons plans, good teaching of useful skills is essential. Usage of symbols like smiles on faces, good work stamps and stickers, gives them an encouragement to redo the satisfying work again and again repeatedly. Reinforcement such as when a pupil does something which is good like doing a particular problem, if done correctly you administer praise to impact the joy that th ey have done right, and when done the opposite, you tempt them from performing that way in the future. Punishment has been used in school as negative reinforce, (Shteingert, Hanan Yonatan, 2014). It is used to modify behaviour. Its usage on childrens development can be counterproductive in that it creates fear among the children which eventually results in disinterest to learn and achieve positive behaviour, (Ormord Rice, 2003). Punishment at times leads to disconnection between the action and consequence. When a child misbehaves in class, the teacher will be forced to discipline and the child resists the discipline until the senior teacher intervenes, this shows delay in the punishment delivery. Operant conditioning theory however dont advocate for punishment for behaviour change, instead, they advocate for focus on identifying traits that bring pleasurable result. Effective classroom management in this case study is possible to achieve without using punishment, use of reinforcement can achieve desired behaviours without the students feeling being harassed or in the use of punishment, (Skinner Ferster, 2015). These techniques used can have an impact on the childrens character role. The wider range of behavioural issue learnt can have a positive impact on the pupils, due to different styles used in teaching and the learning styles which are varied. Every teacher desires to have a unique approach on how to handle his/her class and effect the desired behaviour change need and the terminal behaviour they want to see When effectively used, classical and operant condition are effective approach towards maintaining a conducive classroom for effective learning. Strengths of the Theory in the Case Study Theory of operant conditioning is that child behaviour in classroom for behaviour is that presence of a reward is likely to motivate the good behaviour from happening. And when there is no reward or a positive reinforcement, the child would have no motivation to repeat the behaviour change desired. When a child misbehaves there are negative reinforces she/he will get. There are consequences that accompany negative reinforcement. Punishment on the child after a negative or unwanted behaviour is likely to be modelled again, (De Houwer, Branes Moors, 2013). Children automatically make correlation between good behaviour with rewards and bad behaviour is associated with punishment. It is evident that good behaviour yield good result while the bad behaviour produces bad result. The forms of the theory are helpful in managing the students behaviour. When the pupils misbehave a reward should be given in form of punishment. The teacher can take any privilege given to the child, or allocate extra work or some kind of punishment. However when children behave well they are give positive privileges which act as reinforcement. If the students dont get to participate in class, they will get low grades which are like negative reinforcements, thus this theory is advantages in raising children and teaching them. Weakness of the Theory The theory has been taunted to strictly deal with either bad or good behaviour. Teacher keeps reinforcing the children for positive behaviours for good child behaviour during the first few times. It is required for the child to get into continuation and prolonging the good behaviour. The child should thus continue with good behaviour after the stopping of the reinforcements. Reward should be extinct for good behaviour, however when the reward is stopped the child is likely to stop the good behaviour as well. Also child can be punished severally on the behaviour change, till she/he loses the motivation to even start working on the behaviour change. The child will need good motivation again to start to behave in the expected way. The negative reinforcement on the child might not directly be linked to adequately motivate the child to behave well, (Waren Hale, 2016). In the class set up implementation of the theory, it requires the need for students to work in groups and engage each other. The theory starts from the low level engaging the students on the low level and through reinforcements they move up the ladder. The teacher in the classroom gives the pupils assignment and tasks to complete, which are eventually done till complete. Theory lacks contact communication and motivation for the children, which is biggest weakness, the students need to be encouraged and have group discussions in a way that they figure out things through experimenting on the tasks given. Evaluation of otherLearning Theories Other learning theories such as Kohlberg, Erikson, Piaget and Bandura, is that their focus on learning is that they contribute information to the body of knowledge, they are precise and testable and they offer clinical insights for practical applications in the real life situations. However disparities have shown to take effect. These theories combined often exhibit over simplification of situations, bases its studies on natural settings and pay too little attention to cognition, (Green Piel, 2015). Conclusion Operant conditioning is an effective tool for behaviour change in the classroom set up. However when conditions leads to on beneficial development, it undergoes a process called extinction. It is slow process which can appear to be rarely complete and original behaviour is likely to reappear. In this case, the habits of not participating in class and doing assignments as required may re-occur to the initial stage. Hence care must be observed when achieving behaviour change so as to escape extinction phase. Discipline in class ensures that child development is achieved. Good discipline can be enhanced using the operant conditioning, which it motivates on positive behaviour reinforcement which is applicable to class room environment. With this review, operant conditioning needs to be approached on a balanced approach for effective and maximization of its effect. Key issue is the observance of reward and pupils engagement for the pupils in order to improve the behaviour. Thus in my perspective, operant conditioning is suitable in effective the change of habit among the pupils. Reference AACP (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry) and David Pruitt, (2000). Your child emotional behaviour and cognitive development from Birth through preadolescence. De Houwer, J., Barnes-Holmes, D., Moors, A. (2013). What is learning? On the nature and merits of a functional definition of learning. Psychonomic Bulletin Review, 20(4), 631-642. Green, M. G., Piel, J. A. (2015). Theories of human development: A comparative approach. Psychology Press. Ormrod, J. E. Rice, F. P. (2003). Lifespan development and learning. Boston, MA: Pearson Custom Publishing. Shteingart, H., Loewenstein, Y. (2014). Reinforcement learning and human behavior. Current opinion in neurobiology, 25, 93-98. Skinner in the Classroom Cont. McLeod, S. A. (2007). B.F. Skinner | Operant Conditioning. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/operant-conditioning.html Skinner, B. F., Ferster, C. B. (2015). Schedules of reinforcement. BF Skinner Foundation. Vargas, Julie S. (2005) A Brief Biography of B.F. Skinner, https://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/AboutSkinner.html 2012 B.F. Skinner Foundation Warren, J. M., Hale, R. W. (2016). The influence of efficacy beliefs on teacher performance and student success: Implications for student support services. Journal of Rational-Emotive Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 34(3), 187-208. Wood Chip, (2207). Children in the classroom ages 4-14, 3rd Ed North Esstern Foundation for children.

Brand Value and Brand Cannibalization Essay Example

Brand Value and Brand Cannibalization Paper In brand marketing, the term cannibalization refers to a new product eating into the profits of a current product from the same company. Its a fairly common business strategy, and while the idea of cannibalizing your own product sounds bad, it can actually be a successful business practice. In 2010 for example, when Apple introduced the iPad, it took sales away from the original Mac computer. However, the iPad ultimately led to an expanded market for consumer computing hardware and was quite a successful venture for Apple. Brand management is a process that involves every part, bit and employee of the company to capture the true essence of the brand. Brand Value cannot be built in a day. It is a long process of building inseparable attributes in consumers mind. Consumers take time to adjust and bond well with a brand. They, like any other child, need to be taken care of, served well and be communicated as well as educated with the correct knowledge at every touch point. Over a period of time, as the brand ages, the loyalty within their minds evolve into an inseparable bond. Hence, brand Value cannot be created by the company alone; it requires to be co-created by the consumers too. The process of brand management is not the role of the marketing department but of the top management of the company. The paper will discuss the theory of creating a brand strategy for a company as a tool for managing a brand and developing it. Now at Present the role of branding is of great importance in the business world and its role is quite hard to ignore. Branding helps differentiate goods or services of one firm from another. It is because of branding that customers are able to identify and prefer the products and services of one firm over another. The paper will examine a uniform knowledge of what the brand stands for and how it will be communicated to the general public and serve as a framework for strategic decision-making for the company management and employees. We will write a custom essay sample on Brand Value and Brand Cannibalization specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Brand Value and Brand Cannibalization specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Brand Value and Brand Cannibalization specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Brands are in stores, in advertisements, television commercials and with the internet, they are everywhere we look, while browsing through the vast networks of our interests. In brand management, brand contains manager-based and customer-based functions. Brand managers usually stand from the marketer’s and the firm’s perspectives, stressing the perceptions they accrue to a brand to promote products, differentiate companies from their competitors and satisfy short-term commercial goals [5, 6]. From the customer’s point of view, brands not only sign to differentiate products from competing goods but also a semiotic engine producing meaning and values [13]. Therefore a brand is the product as it is experienced and valued in social life, and branding refers to all the activities that shape customer perceptions, particularly the firm’s activities. Today brand management’s importance lays company†²s outside the business itself, in the minds of potent ial buyers [16]. These values of brands are reflected in the, anchors of company. Products are introduced, they live and disappear but brands never ended [16]. The term brand holds multiple meanings. According to John Murphy, founder of Interbrand, a brand is not only an actual product, but also the unique property of a specific owner. Brands are increasingly considered to be the primary capital in many businesses. Sterne [26] argues that a brand is not a name. A brand is not a positioning statement. It is not a marketing message. It is a promise made by a company to its customers and supported by that company. Sterne’s statement indicated a phenomenon of how consumers give their passion and loyalty to a brand. We can explain this phenomenon in a more straight forward way via taking an example of Apple. Apple maintains its consumers by creating a brand connecting with an image of imagination, design and innovation, which is the key to its survival. This phenomenon indicates a brand has an additional value that enables marketers to maintain current consumers and attract new consumers. This value is brand equity. Brand equity means raising brand awareness, maintaining brand loyalty, building up positive associations about brand, and spread product or service information via words-of-mouth communication. How to achieve these goals via optimizing of brand management resources becomes the challenge for today’s marketers [1]. Hence, the paper begins by giving a background of the happening of brand and brand equity valuation are the centre of interest of both academic and business experts in today’s world. The paper also highlights how a company can build, and use a brand in order to obtain and sustain the competitive advantage in the market place. Therefore a brand is a name, term, design, symbol or any other feature that identifies one seller’s good or service as distinct from those of other sellers. Branding is the main important strategy of any business. Branding or Brand is not important only for companies but it takes equal importance for customers. Brand for customers will indicate commitment towards quality from sellers there by reducing time spent in coming to a purchase decision. Brand for companies will indicate a sort of benchmark in quality as well as customer expectation, a point of differentiation from competitors and a steady stream of profit. The brand value can be shown in to four dimensions like Reputation Value, Relationship Value, Experiential Value, and Symbolic Value. Working with a scarcity mentality will help maximize returns for every dollar spent by answering the question, Is this the best way to spend dollars on marketing my brand, or is this money better spent elsewhere to generate greater returns? Like Starbucks, instead of spending money on TV advertising, clusters an area with its stores, increasing total revenue and market share. This was contrary to what established retailing houses did, which was to avoid placing stores near each other so as not to cannibalize sales at existing outlets. For Starbucks, doing so resulted in reduced supply costs and made management of the stores cheaper, which more than made up for sales lost to cannibalization. Thus, funding for expansion from internal cash flow was a judicious use of money. Until recently, Starbucks spent just 1% of its revenues on marketing and advertising (compared to more than 10% for companies of the same size).

The Red Room Analysis Curtis Pye Essay Example

The Red Room Analysis Curtis Pye Essay Example The Red Room Analysis Curtis Pye Paper The Red Room Analysis Curtis Pye Paper In this essay I will be analysing the short story The Red Room which was written be H.G Wells in 1896. Im going to be looking at what techniques he uses to build tension, and also be looking to see if its a successful ghost story or not. There are many different ways in which writers can build tension and keep the readers attention, some of these ways are; Long descriptions that get the readers attention, and give imagery to the reader using adjectives, verbs and adverbs, the writer may also use stereotypical settings or characters that create tension and gloomy feelings to the story, or maybe they use short sentences, to create pace in the scene or to show sudden action. The opening sets the scene, and introduces the plot and the characters. The first sentence of the story starts in the middle of a conversation between two characters in the story. In the conversation it has the word ghost within it, so already the reader is getting hints about what the story is about. As you read further into the conversation you find out that the character in the story is an arrogant type of person; and caught a glimpse of myself, abbreviated and broadened to an impossible sturdiness The writer is trying to make the reader not like the character, and from other stories or film references, the character that isnt liked, normally in the end, is the one that suffers at some point in the story or film. Eight and twenty years, said I, I have lived and never a ghost have I seen as yet A small extract of what the character says to show he is arrogant. In the next paragraph the writer introduces and describes an eerie old woman, which gives the reader, the feeling of unnaturalness. The old woman sat starring hard into the fire, her pale eyes wide open This short descriptive sentence alone is enough to give the reader a small amount of fear. After the introduction to the woman, she speaks and part of what she says is a hint or a clue to what might happen, further on in the story. and eight and twenty years you have lived and never seen the likes of this house, I reckon theres many things to see that last part of what she says makes the reader curious, or maybe want more and encourage the reader to read on. More of what the old woman says makes the reader even more curious and sends questions to the readers mind; A many things to see and sorrow for, some questions the reader may thing of would be something like; Whats to see?, Whats to sorrow for? etc. Further along in the introduction to the story, there is more evidence to show that the main character is a really arrogant person. and caught a glimpse of myself, abbreviated and broadened to an impossible sturdiness, shows to be bit patronising and he loves himself as some people might put it, which again would suggest to the reader that something is going to happen to him. The last paragraph of the first page, repetition is used with the words Its your own choosing was repeated twice in the first and last paragraph of the first page. Its as if the man is insisting its the mans choice or whether on not he goes to The Red Room and spending the night, and also its like the man knows something is going to happen to him, and hes giving him a warning. The last part of the opening to the story, repetition is used with the same four words to show than the man really means what hes saying, and its like a second warning. The character then answers, Its my own choosing, to show to the man that hes taken in what hes told him, and he understands, which again shows he is patronising, and its as if he is dismissing him. After this, there is a description of the man with the shade, it quite a long description for a not such an important character but it all adds to in-human sense to him and make him sound more bizarre. A monstrous shadow of him crouched upon the wall and marked his actions as he poured and drank, this description of the man with the withered arm uses personification to make it sound creepy. Continuing more about the elderly people, there is another description of all of them, which is described by the main characters point of view show how he feels towards them. There Is to my mind something inhuman in senility, The human qualitys seem to drop for the old people day by day and with their gaunt silences, their bent carriage, their evident unfriendliness to me and one another, these descriptions of the old people from the character, may show that he may have slight fear towards them, and they seem to be unfriendly towards him. From the next page, it is revealed that the house is really haunted, You will show me to this haunted room of yours, which is said by the main character, it is the first indication that the house is haunted so basically its telling the reader what the rest of the story is going to be about. After this, one of the old people is startled by what the character has just said, The old man with the cough jerked his head back so suddenly that it startled me From this description, the reader would begin to wonder; why is the man so startled by whats just been said? Its another sentence that sends questions to the readers head which causes a lot of curiosity. The main character then repeats what he has said to get the old peoples attention, But he also repeats the word haunted again which again builds the curiosity for the reader. Further down the page, one of the old people is giving the character directions to the red room, its a long set of instructions that sound disturbing because of its isolation from the rest of house, its a six line set of directions, and it easily builds tension. After the instructions one of the men, asks the character; And are you really going? Its as if they dont believe that he is going and they are against him going. Page six of the story begins with the eerie repetition of the words Its your own choosing and its the final repetition of these words indicating that its the characters last chance to decide if he wants to go to the red room. Further along in the passage, the character starts to show this nervous tension because of how the old people acted and the old fashioned furniture of the housekeepers room which as he says affected me in the spite of my efforts to keep myself at a matter of phase which proves he is beginning to show his fear. Continuing we find the writer uses stereotypical settings to creep out the scene a bit more; The long, draughty, subterranean passage was chilly and dusty, and my candle flared and made the shadows cower and quiver. The sentence also uses personification to add to the effect. A lot of the descriptions the writer is using are good because they help the reader to form images in their head of the scene being described. Descriptions such as the first sentence on page seven; For the moonlight coming in by the great window on the grand staircase picked out everything in vivid black shadow or silvery illumination, these type of descriptions are really good for this effect, also stereotypical settings like this create an atmosphere, where the reader would expect to see a ghost. Once the reader has continued down the page they will find that the character maybe showing his nervousness a lot more as he progresses closer to the red room; The character starts to get paranoid; and gave me the impression of some one crouching to waylay me, and it shows how nervous he is getting. Then, with my hand in the pocket that held my revolver, I advanced, only to discover a Ganymede and Eagle glistening in the moonlight. At the beginning of this extract, the word Then is used, because its sudden and it shows something is going to happen. The question is why has the character brought a revolver with him, he kept insisting that he didnt believe in the supernatural, so why bring it? Around the bottom of page seven, Ganymede is repeated to make the reader curious; I glanced over my shoulder at the Ganymede in the moonlight it also builds to the last part of page seven which is a small cliff-hanger, and it stands out because it sounds like the end, but it actually making the reader read on to find out whats going to happen. After the cliff-hanger, the reader finds that the character has entered the red room. I entered, closed the door behind me at once, it also suggests that hes was frantic and wanted to get away from the hallway. Carrying on, the character starts to think about his predecessor to the room, the young duke, it gives the reader clues and we find that someone may have died in the red room. There is also a part, where we find that The Red Room may have had rumours about it already; The great red room of Lorraine Castle which would mean, that the room is well known, which makes the reader find out exactly whats going on. Further down the page there are uses of a metaphors; My candle was a was a little tongue of light in its vastness, that failed to pierce the opposite end of the room, and left an ocean of the mystery and suggestion beyond its island of light. The two in that extract really helps put the room into scale. As the character walks about the room he checks places to make sure nothing is there; I pulled the blinds and examined the fastenings or several windows before closing the shutters, looked up the blackness of the wide chimney, and tapped the dark oak panelling for any secret opening, hes thoroughly checks everything in the room which shows how nervous he is getting. As he is checking, there are a lot of run on sentences that speeds up the pace and creates suspense for the reader. Next page the character begins to light candles, and the way the writer has put together the small sentence really adds to the tension; All these I lit one after the other, its a slow sentence that now slows down the pace. As the reader reads on he will find that the character is becoming more and more paranoid, for some reason the character creates a barricade with a armchair and a table, which he puts his revolver on ready, again is creates more questions, like Why would he barricade himself? Whats the use of a revolver? The writer uses a lot of creepy sentences to make the reader become on the edge of his seat, such as I still found the remoter darkness of the place, and its perfect, stillness, too stimulating for the imagination Eerie sentences like these really build the tension and persuade the reader to read on. As the reader progresses down the page their tension will build further because of the more eerie sentences he uses, here is another one; The echoing of the stir and crackling of the fire, was no sort of comfort to me, even parts of sentences that the writer uses are really good at adding to the effect; undefinable quality of presence, these are just four words that really work well together. The reader will now find that the character is really at a high stage of nervousness, the characters paranoia really is getting to him now, there is a dark spot to the corner of the room, and he believes there is something there that is watching him. At last, to reassure myself, I walked with a candle into it, and satisfied myself that there was nothing tangible there. I stood that candle upon the floor of the alcove, and left that position, it really shows that he is starting to get nervous. The character now actually admits being nervous, but hes not quite sure why; By this time I was in a state of considerable nervous tension, although to my reason there was no adequate cause for condition and because of his nervousness the character shows his arrogance again. The character now trys to calm himself by doing different things. First he starts to create some rhymes in the style of The Ingoldsby Legends he also thinks of the old people one more time; I began to string some rhymes together, Ingoldsby fashion, but the echoes where not pleasant, My mind reverted to the three old and distorted people downstairs, he is now really trying to keep his mind off things. As the story progresses the character becomes more afraid of his surroundings, so the writer has made his sentences more appealing to make the reader receive the same feelings. He is very good at doing this, the sentences are slow and paced but have long eerie words that really get the reader on the edge. Here is one of the stereotypical settings he uses on page eight; The one in the alcove flared in draught, and the fires flickering kept the shadows and penumbra perpetually shifting and stirring. Now as we continue the writer is really trying to make the reader not like the character, he is becoming more arrogant as he gets more afraid. It occurred to me that when the ghost came, I could warn him not to trip over them, it really shows the sarcasm in the character; it makes the reader dislike him. Carrying on, the reader will find that the scene of the story starts to change and also with it, the tone. I did not see the candle go out; I simply turned and saw that the darkness was thereand see the unexpected presence of a stranger, Plus it is a hint for the reader. The story now starts to progress a bit faster because something tense is happening. As all the candles begin to go out the character begins to wonder why it is happening, and so does the reader. The writer shows this by using an explanation mark; Odd! which shows its strange. The character then realises there is no draft, and its as if someone put it out with there finger and thumb; The flames vanished, as if the wicks had been suddenly nipped between a finger and thumb, which makes the reader think there is someone in the room with him. The writer shows that the character is getting scared by describing what his voice sounds like; Whats up? I cried, with a queer high note getting into my voice some how. Further down the page, when the character is trying to light a match, his hands Trembled which shows he is scared and he may thing that someone is there. When he has lit quite a lot of candles, the character starts to feel in control of the candles going out; So that for the moment I seemed to gain on the extinctions, Through the next page the story now is becoming a lot faster than before and it makes the reader become really exited/tense. The candles are now starting to be put quicker than the character can light them up again. The writer is now scrambling metaphors and alliteration in the descriptions to make it a more rapid paced part of the story. It was like a ragged storm cloud sweeping out the stars, and also as the story speeds up the writer begins to bring back the horror atmosphere back into the scene; I was now almost frantic with the horror of the coming darkness, and my self-possession deserted me. I leapt panting and dishevelled from candle to candle in a vain struggle against that remorseless advance. I bruised myself on the thigh against the table, I sent a chair headlong, I stumbled and fell and whisked the cloth from the table in my fall. In this extract the writer has used many verbs to make it quicker, which makes the story more exiting and also makes the reader desperately want to know whats happening. The character has become emotional so the reader can really be involved in the story. The reader should now be at a peak point of tension, and the writer wants it to stay at this point. So on the next page he adds repetition; and vanished, the glow vanished, the reflections rushed together and vanished, He also uses good imagery; and as I thrust the candle between the bars darkness closed upon me, and then straight after this he uses a metaphor; Like the shutting of an eye, wrapped around me in a stifling embrace, all of them really do work to keep the pace and keep the feeling of fear alive to the reader. The character now is completely lost control in himself with fear; I flung out my arms in a vain effort to thrust that ponderous blackness away from me, and, lifting up my voice, screamed with all my might, the character then trys to escape The Red Room, but because of the dark he does not know where the door is as bumps, after the bump the writer uses a lot of verbs to maintain the pace; I staggered back, Turned Battering myself, wild crying and I darted And then all of a sudden, all the tension disappears, he must of past out in the room as of running into the furniture. It is now the end of the experience for the character and it is another small cliff-hanger for the reader, they still dont know what as happened so a small amount of excitement is still there. I opened my eyes in the daylight The character is now not in The Red Room His head was bandaged and he was being watched by the man with the withered arm. The character looks about the room trying to remember what happened; I looked about me, trying to remember what had happened This would make the reader disappointed, because there would now be more questions in the readers head such as; How did he get there? Was there a ghost? etc. The reader is now coming to the end of the story, and the main characters personality has changed, he now believes that something was there; Yes, Said I; the room is haunted. As the old people then start to ask about the room the writers uses punctuation to show fear in the old people, as they are scared of the room, Because we have never daredTell us, is it truly the old earl Who- As the reader progresses the writer build a small amount of tension once again; It is not said I There is neither a ghost of earl nor ghost of countess in that room, there is no ghost as all; but worse, far worse- Then the character reveals all, that it is just fear it self that haunts the room. The character then goes on to describe fear, and how fear itself can change your feelings towards anything and make you think of anything. The write uses personification to make it sound like its something physical which can chase and follow you, and in a way, it is, fear can physically control a person. Overall I think the story is a very excellent story, as the amount of tension he builds through the story as it progresses really helps the excitement the reader receives. Also I think he has done a great job with the story structure and how it all fits together. I think the end of the story is very effective, as the reader is expecting to find out what happened to the character but he doesnt, so the story ends on another small cliff-hanger. In my opinion Im not quite sure if there was a ghost in the room or it was really just fear that scared the character, but I do think that that is what makes the story so good, because it leaves the reader with many questions that will always be unsolved. So the reader will never know what actually happened, but they can use there own imagination to decide.

Description of Accounting Industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Description of Accounting Industry - Essay Example The accounting Industry is a very important service industry and has a strong growth potential. The Accounting Industry has grown steadily in the past five to ten years and is "expected to grow faster than average for all occupations through the year 2014 (U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics)." The growth of the economy will increase new businesses will increase the need for accountants to handle the financial affairs of those businesses. Employees in the accounting industry set to retirees or changing careers will also increase jobs in this industry. One major trend that will increase jobs in the Accounting Industry is due to accounting scandals. Accounting scandals have lead to changes in laws and regulations, which in turn will increase the number of jobs in the industry. "In response to accounting scandals, new federal legislation restricts the non-auditing services that public accountants can provide to clients. If an accounting firm audits clients' financial statements, that same firm cannot provide advice in other accounting areas such as legal matters, investment banking, and human resources (U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics)." These regulations are to help prevent scandals and fraud in the accounting industry. ... Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics). A large cause of the growth of this industry is the services provided by the industry. The Accounting Industry provides a variety of services to individuals and companies who retain monetary gains either from sale of goods and services or from receipt of wages. Almost everyone in the country has finances and monetary gain. The increase in individual and even business wealth causes an increased need for financial advisors, insurance providers, tax preparation and advice services, and other accounting services. There are four major fields of the accounting industry in which the provided services can be broken down. The first field is the Public Accountants, which include the Certified Public Accountants. Public Accountants provide auditing, accounting, tax, and consulting services for corporations, governments, nonprofit organizations, and individuals (U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics). Public Accountants concentrate in one specific field of accounting for example, Tax Accounting or Financial Analysis. Another major field of accountants are the Manag ement accountants, which include cost, managerial, industrial, corporate, and private (U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics). These accountants record and analyze financial information for corporations in order to provide accurate information in which the company can make accurate business decisions based on financial data (U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics). A major responsibility in this field is to "prepare financial reports for the stockholders, creditors, tax authorities, and regulatory agencies (U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics)." The third field is the Government Accountants and Auditors and

Low life expectancy Essay Example for Free

Low life expectancy Essay Todays world is all about speed. Every single process is studied and programmed to be as quick as possible, with optimal efficiency. We are currently witnessing a fundamental transformation of the society that we can qualify as a robotisation, essentially in the developped countries. That could be beneficial for some countries, in some fields, for some people. But we all should be aware that there are humans that cannot follow this step. In fact, this new process is involving a wider gap between developped countries and the least developped countries concerning life expectancy. Life expectancy is an average number of year given to a person at his birth depending on the country he was born in, and it is a factor defining the health of a country. Diseases, war, famine, death rates in one hand, national economic prosperity, standard education and performant healthcare in the other hand, there are many factors affecting the life expectancy in each country, making it better or worse. People tend to have. a longer. life in western countries like Israel where the average expectancy life is 81 years old, instead of Zimbabwe, where the average expectancy life is 52 years old (CIA, 2012). This essay will assess two solutions to low life expectancy in the developping world. First, the. promotion and improvement of the health care system and infrastructure, then the development of appropriate education programs to instruct and educate the population of those third world countries. The countries where life expectancy is very low are country where death rates are very high. These death rates are caused by further facts as war, diseases, pandemics and outbreaks so we can notice that healthcare system and infrastructure are very important to maintain the population in a good shape. The difference between evelopped and developping countries concerning this matter has always been the economical issues. Developping countries, in order to improve their situation, must establish plans Wich will structure an efficient government budget, however because of their low or very low GDP, this budget could be extremely tight regarding. healthcare and infrastructures dedicated to that matter. For example in UK, the budget dedicated to healthcare represents eleven percent of the GDP, whereas Angola uses only 2% of public expenditure (WHO,2005). Due to such a low budget dedicated to Healthcare, developping countries are not able to provide efficient reatments and qualified medical staff to their citizens. The only solution to that issue for developping coutries is to increase their health care budget and place the ministry of health upper in their priorities. Increasing the tax rates on high income people would raise the budget and slightly rise the budget by 2% in the Gross Domestic Product. Government should aso work on the drug prices and user fees to make it more affordable , and control the parallel market to prevent fiscal losses. A reasonnable and efficient use ot ressources should imply an equilibrium in the third world economies and make them refill their budget. That would make the coutry eligible for a financial help from the world bank, the african development Bank or the IMF. Construction of new hospitals and purchases of drugs would then be possible perspectives. Moreover, the governments should focus on supportive private health care and introduction ofa health insurance that would help people keep their money and still get efficient treatments. Improving healthcare all over the world and especially in the developping coutries is actually one of the most relevant issues of the 21 rst century. The second part of the essay focuses on the educational kind of treatment that eople in the developping coutries should get in order to educate them to the new technologies that they will be facing, the new facilities that tey will be using. Education will also allow the medical staff to supply the knowledge and services that people are expecting. On top of that, education will improve peoples situation, working in better places and not being in contact with diseases and bacterias. They will earn more money and that is improving the situation of the country as well, by increasing the GDP. We can say that ducation is at the begining of the chain that will bring a country to prosperity. In order to improve the medical treatments quality, the ministry of education should organize training programs and. seminars for the. medical body (WHO, 2000). In a close collaboration with the ministry of Health and some associations, the Ministry of education should promote hygenie among primary schools, high schools, universities and other educational institutions through presentations, or conferences with medical bodies or even advertisement. The local associations should be also supported and prevention should happen mor often. Give soap a chance! (wash hands, 2012) is a slogan used by NHS in the I-JK, a world eading country in terms of health. Awareness of young people associated with scientific knowledge and prevention actions would be a great sanitary improve and could lead toa rie in the life expectancy rise. According to the previous sayings, we can say that life expectancy could be well improved by working on how to manage the budget to improve the sanitary system, and improving the educational system that will in a way rise the awareness of people concerning health care and science. Even if we focused on two aspects of low life expectancy solutions, we should mention that famine, war and natural disasters are lso issues that governments should work on. http://www.afro.who.int/en/clusters-a-programmes.html https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/rankorder/rankorderguide.html http://www.who.int/whr/2000/media_centre/press_release/en/ http://www.who.int/hac/crises/ago/background/Angola_Dec05.pdf http://www.who.int/topics/health_policy/en/

Beowulf :: Epic of Beowulf Essays

Beowulf   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Since the dawn of time, the forces of evil have always tried to gain an upper hand over the forces of good. The battles between these two forces have transcended time in both different forms and in different places. Every culture since the birth of man has background stories of creation and the battles that are waged between the two forces of light and dark. Leaving in the aftermath, stories and legends that are passed down from generation to generation through the vast cultures and civilizations. Beginning with the use of oral traditions that took these stories and the use of spoken word to both inform and entertain the people of a given society. These tales also had another purpose, which was to remind the people of the evils that were around them. Lurking in the shadows, waiting to claim another victim in the war of good and evil. Such stories fed on the fears of the people and the uncertainty of the world around them. Although the stories themselves may differ considerably from region to region, the basic underlying theme has always been identical. With the coming into being of written word, these stories could now be put down for people to read and serve as a reminder of their folklore. Not only to them, but to future people who come to read these documents. We have been lucky in the fact that over the last few hundred years, we have recovered many works from all over the world, dating back through years that had been long forgotten to many of us. In a great many of these works we have come into contact with many tales of heroism and the fight between good and evil. Just as the heroism in these stories may take on different faces, so does the evil present itself in many different guises. This brings us to one work in specific, Beowulf, one of the earliest Old English poems that we have today. It is the embodiment of the struggle between good and evil. The poem begins with the funeral of Scyld, the mythical founder of the Danish Royal House. One of his descendants builds a great hall called Heorot, and it is here that the people gather to rejoice and sing the praises of G-d. This singing angers a vile fiend named Grendel, that inhabits the nearby bog. The poet describes Grendel in this way:

Sales Management Plan

The beverage product that will be developed in the market will be made from ginger. This product aims to help the customers avoid digestive problems, arthritis, and blood circulation. Aside from that, it will give the market a new taste of beverage that is definitely unique from ordinary juices that they can purchase from the supermarkets. The brand will be introduced to its target market as a bottled beverage with different variants to choose from. While many love the aromatic smell of ginger, there are still some who do not like its taste; therefore, the product will be produced with different flavors like what the prominent manufacturers had done to their tea products. General Market Analysis The target markets for this product are the young professionals, sports active individuals, and adults with the age of 35 years old and up. This segment was chosen because of their lifestyle and their need for a product with proper vitamins and benefits to keep away from diseases. Furthermore, this is the cluster of the society that is highly conscious about their health. Any person may drink the ginger product because of the health benefits that it may provide to the consumers; however, in order to make the promotion consistent and to easily gain a strong position in the marketplace, all the advertising campaigns and promotional tools for this product will be intended for the segment that is being targeted for this item (Beri, 2006). Industry Analysis. Unlike other consumer goods in the market, this product will have lesser direct competitors because only a few companies offering this type of good to the customers are currently trying to penetrate the market. However, the biggest challenge that the company needs to face upon market penetration is to have a competitive and persuasive approach that would make the target consumers buy the product. Today, Buderim Ginger is recognized as the leading manufacturer of ginger products (Buderim, 2002). Apparently, beverage products of this company will be the direct competitor of the ginger brand that will be introduced in the marketplace. Product Attributes Even though some people are already aware that ginger can be an alternative to other tea products, the product may appear totally new in the market. With the existence of prominent beverage products in the market, the company will highlight the following attributes in promoting the ginger product in the emerging market: ? With a unique combination of ginger and fruit flavors to choose from. ? Aromatic smell of ginger in liquid form. ? Contains vitamins and minerals to avoid diseases. ? For body resistance and health maintenance. Handy packaging for customer’s convenience. ? Different flavors and bottle sizes in affordable prices. Financial Analysis and Sales Forecast The budget allocation for ginger beverage will include marketing research, production, machinery and factory expenses, promotion, and distribution expenses. Prior to the release of the product, the company is expected to spend the 60% of the budget for the development of the marketing plan and t he mass production of ginger beverage, and the other 40% will be allotted for the advertisement and distribution of goods to the target market. On its first six months in the market, the company expects to generate a profit of at least 30% of the entire production budget. Sales Objectives Basically, the objective of the company before and after the production of goods in the market is to make the product salable in the market in order to gain profit; however, the product that is new in the market has a greater challenge than those that already exist in the store shelves. The sales objectives of the company are: To reach at least 30% of the expected profit in the first six months after the release of the product in the marketplace. ? To persuade at least three-fourths (?) of the entire target market to buy the product. Sales Personnel Needs The sales personnel will undergo trainings and seminars before finally selling the product. At the end of the training period, the sales team should have enough knowledge about the product that the company will offer to the customers. Ginger product could be new to the target consumers. Therefore, the sales personnel should possess the will and determination to persuade the consumers that the product that they are going to sell to the public possesses the exact attributes that they portray on the promotional tools. Sales Territory Design The product will be introduced and distributed to selected states in the United States. The limited production and pull strategy in terms of distribution will help the company to evade early decline stage. The states that have the highest population and percentage of target market will be the pioneering market for the ginger product. Sales Compensation Program The compensation of the sales team will depend on the quota set by the company. The company will set a quota for a sales team and give bonuses for every excess amount or work that the sales personnel will accomplish to promote and sell the product. Sales Personnel Qualifications The product that will be sold in the market may capture the attention of the market because of the idea that it is new in the market. However, this fact may also be the reason why the target customers may overlook the item. In this manner, the company needs to hire people who have enough knowledge and information about the product that is being sold in the market and capability to persuade the customers regardless of the uniqueness of the ginger product. Performance Measurement The number of sales done and percentage of the target market that the sales team has acquired will be the basis of performance of the sales personnel. The number of deal closed will be taken into consideration, and the profit that the company gained will be evaluated to measure the effectiveness of the sales strategies.

Nietzsches The Use And Abuse Of History

Between 1873 and 1876 Nietzsche published four â€Å"Untimely Meditations.†Ã‚  The second of these is the essay often referred to as â€Å"The Use and Abuse of History for Life.† (1874)  A more accurate translation of the title, though, is â€Å"On the Uses and Disadvantages of History for Life.† The Meaning of History and Life The two key terms in the title, â€Å"history† and â€Å"life† are used in a very broad way.  By â€Å"history,† Nietzsche mainly means historical knowledge of previous cultures (e.g. Greece, Rome, the Renaissance), which includes knowledge of past philosophy, literature, art, music, and so on.  But he also has in mind scholarship in general, including a commitment to strict principles of scholarly or scientific methods, and also a general historical self-awareness which continually places one’s own time and culture in relation to others that have come before. The term â€Å"life† is not clearly defined anywhere in the essay.  In one place Nietzsche describes it as â€Å"a dark driving insatiably self-desiring power,† but that doesn’t tell us much.  What he seems to have in mind most of the time, when he speaks of â€Å"life,† is something like a deep, rich, creative engagement with the world one is living in.  Here, as in all his writings, the creation of an impressive culture is of prime importance to Nietzsche.   What Nietzsche Is Opposing In the early 19th century, Hegel (1770-1831) had constructed a philosophy of history which saw the history of civilization as both the expansion of human freedom and the development of greater self-consciousness regarding the nature and meaning of history.  Hegel’s own philosophy represents the highest stage yet achieved in humanity’s self-understanding.  After Hegel, it was generally accepted that a knowledge of the past is a good thing.  In fact, the nineteenth century prided itself on being more historically informed than any previous age.  Nietzsche, however, as he loves to do, calls this widespread belief into question.   He identifies 3 approaches to history: the monumental, the antiquarian, and the critical.  Each can be used in a good way, but each has its dangers. Monumental History Monumental history focuses on examples of human greatness, individuals who â€Å"magnify the concept of man†¦.giving it a more beautiful content.†Ã‚  Nietzsche doesn’t name names, but he presumably means people like Moses, Jesus, Pericles, Socrates, Caesar, Leonardo, Goethe, Beethoven, and Napoleon.  One thing that all great individuals have in common is a cavalier willingness to risk their life and material well-being.  Ã‚  Such individuals can inspire us to reach for greatness ourselves.  They are an antidote to world-weariness.   But monumental history carries certain dangers.  When we view these past figures as inspirational, we may distort history by overlooking the unique circumstances that gave rise to them.  It is quite likely that no such figure could arise again since those circumstances will never occur again.  Another danger lies in the way some people treat the great achievements of the past (e.g. Greek tragedy, Renaissance painting) as canonical.  They are viewed as providing a paradigm that contemporary art should not challenge or deviate from.  When used in this way, monumental history can block the path to new and original cultural achievements. Antiquarian History Antiquarian history refers to the scholarly immersion in some past period or past culture.  This is the approach to history especially typical of academics.  It can be valuable when it helps to enhance our sense of cultural identity.  E.g. When contemporary poets acquire a deep understanding of the poetic tradition to which they belong, this enriches their own work.  They experience â€Å"the contentment of a tree with its roots.† But this approach also has potential drawbacks.  Too much immersion in the past easily leads to an undiscriminating fascination with and reverence for anything that is old, regardless of whether it is genuinely admirable or interesting.  Antiquarian history easily degenerates into mere scholarliness, where the purpose of doing history has long been forgotten.  And the reverence for the past it encourages can inhibit originality.  The cultural products of the past are seen as so wonderful that we can simply rest content with them and not try to create anything new. Critical History Critical history is almost the opposite of antiquarian history.  Instead of revering the past, one rejects it as part of the process of creating something new.  E.g. Original artistic movements are often very critical of the styles they replace (the way Romantic poets rejected the artificial diction of 18th-century poets).  The danger here, though, is that we will be unfair to the past.  In particular, we will fail to see how those very elements in past cultures that we despise were necessary; that they were among the elements that gave birth to us.   The Problems Caused by Too Much Historical Knowledge In Nietzsche’s view, his culture (and he would probably say ours too) has become bloated with too much knowledge.  And this explosion of knowledge is not serving â€Å"life†Ã¢â‚¬â€œthat is, it is not leading to a richer, more vibrant, contemporary culture.  On the contrary. Scholars obsess over methodology and sophisticated analysis.  In doing so, they lose sight of the real purpose of their work.  Always, what matters most isn’t whether their methodology is sound, but whether what they are doing serves to enrich contemporary life and culture. Very often, instead of trying to be creative and original, educated people simply immerse themselves in relatively dry scholarly activity.  The result is that instead of having a living culture, we have merely a knowledge of culture.  Instead of really experiencing things, we take up a detached, scholarly attitude to them.  One might think here, for instance, of the difference between being transported by a painting or a musical composition, and noticing how it reflects certain influences from previous artists or composers. Halfway through the essay, Nietzsche identifies five specific disadvantages of having too much historical knowledge.  The rest of the essay is mainly an elaboration on these points.  The five drawbacks are: It creates too much of a contrast between what’s going on people’s minds and the way they live.  E.g. philosophers who immerse themselves in Stoicism no longer live like Stoics; they just live like everyone else.  The philosophy is purely theoretical. Not something to be lived.It makes us think we are more just than previous ages.  We tend to look back on previous periods as inferior to us in various ways, especially, perhaps, in the area of morality.  Modern historians pride themselves on their objectivity.  But the best kind of history isn’t the kind that is scrupulously objective in a dry scholarly sense.  The best historians work like artists to bring a previous age to life.It disrupts the instincts and hinders mature development.  In supporting this idea, Nietzsche especially complains at the way modern scholars cram themselves too quickly with too much knowledge.  The result is that they lose profundity.  Extreme specialization, another fe ature of modern scholarship, leads them away from wisdom, which requires a broader view of things.It makes us think of ourselves as inferior imitators of our predecessorsIt leads to irony and to cynicism. In explaining points 4 and 5, Nietzsche embarks on a sustained critique of Hegelianism.  The essay concludes with him expressing a hope in â€Å"youth†, by which he seems to mean those who have not yet been deformed by too much education. In the Background – Richard Wagner Nietzsche does not mention in this essay his friend at the time, the composer Richard Wagner.  But in drawing the contrast between those who merely know about culture and those who are creatively engaged with culture, he almost certainly had Wagner in mind as an exemplar of the latter type.  Nietzsche was working as a professor at the time at the University of Basle in Switzerland.  Ã‚  Basle represented historical scholarship.  Whenever he could, he would take the train to Lucerne to visit Wagner, who at the time was composing his four-opera Ring Cycle.  Wagner’s house at Tribschen represented life.  For Wagner, the creative genius who was also a man of action, fully engaged in the world, and working hard to regenerate German culture through his operas, exemplified how one could use the past (Greek tragedy, Nordic legends, Romantic classical music) in a healthy way to create something new.